{"categories":[{"id":"smart-home","label":"Consumer smart-home & crowd networks"},{"id":"alpr-vendors","label":"ALPR & security-platform vendors"},{"id":"traffic-counters","label":"Municipal & DOT traffic counters"},{"id":"data-aggregators","label":"Data aggregators & connected vehicles"},{"id":"oversight","label":"Oversight & watchdog resources"}],"entries":[{"id":"ring","category":"smart-home","name":"Ring (Amazon)","what":"Doorbell and outdoor cameras with vehicle and person motion detection; footage is reachable by police through legal process and Amazon's emergency-request process.","operator":"Amazon; individual homeowners as camera operators","identifies":"person","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":true,"source":{"title":"EFF Atlas of Surveillance: Ring","url":"https://atlasofsurveillance.org/search?technology=Ring"}},{"id":"nest","category":"smart-home","name":"Google Nest cameras","what":"Cloud-recorded home and doorbell cameras with person and vehicle detection, available to law enforcement via warrant or emergency disclosure.","operator":"Google; individual homeowners as camera operators","identifies":"person","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":false,"source":{"title":"Google — Law Enforcement Requests","url":"https://transparencyreport.google.com/user-data/overview"}},{"id":"amazon-sidewalk","category":"smart-home","name":"Amazon Sidewalk","what":"A shared low-bandwidth mesh network built from participating Echo and Ring devices, carrying device presence and location metadata rather than video.","operator":"Amazon; participating device owners as network nodes","identifies":"metadata","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":false,"source":{"title":"Amazon Sidewalk — How it works","url":"https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Sidewalk/b?ie=UTF8&node=21328123011"}},{"id":"budget-cloud-cameras","category":"smart-home","name":"Wyze and budget cloud cameras","what":"Inexpensive cloud-connected cameras whose recordings sit under the same legal-process exposure as the larger brands, with a wider spread of security track records.","operator":"Various consumer vendors; individual owners as camera operators","identifies":"person","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":false,"source":{"title":"EFF Atlas of Surveillance: Security Cameras","url":"https://atlasofsurveillance.org/search?technology=Security+Cameras"}},{"id":"flock-safety","category":"alpr-vendors","name":"Flock Safety","what":"Subscription ALPR cameras sold to police, HOAs, and retailers; agencies share reads with each other through a nationwide lookup network.","operator":"Private vendor; law-enforcement, HOA, and retail customers","identifies":"vehicle","mapped_here":"yes","in_atlas":true,"source":{"title":"EFF Atlas of Surveillance: Flock Safety","url":"https://atlasofsurveillance.org/search?technology=Automated+License+Plate+Readers"}},{"id":"motorola-vigilant","category":"alpr-vendors","name":"Motorola Solutions / Vigilant (LEARN)","what":"A commercial plate-scan database blending law-enforcement reads with privately collected ones, including repossession-industry scans, sold back to agencies as a search product.","operator":"Motorola Solutions (Vigilant Solutions); law-enforcement and private-sector customers","identifies":"vehicle","mapped_here":"partial","in_atlas":true,"source":{"title":"EFF Atlas of Surveillance: Vigilant Solutions","url":"https://atlasofsurveillance.org/search?technology=Automated+License+Plate+Readers"}},{"id":"rekor","category":"alpr-vendors","name":"Rekor","what":"Software-only ALPR that turns ordinary IP cameras into plate readers, so deployments don't require distinctive dedicated hardware and are harder to spot or map.","operator":"Private vendor; law-enforcement and DOT customers","identifies":"vehicle","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":true,"source":{"title":"Rekor — Automatic License Plate Recognition","url":"https://rekor.ai/products/rekor-scout/"}},{"id":"genetec-avigilon","category":"alpr-vendors","name":"Genetec (AutoVu) / Avigilon","what":"Enterprise video-management platforms that bundle ALPR and appearance-search analytics into city and campus camera systems.","operator":"Genetec / Motorola Solutions (Avigilon); municipal and campus customers","identifies":"person","mapped_here":"partial","in_atlas":true,"source":{"title":"EFF Atlas of Surveillance: Genetec","url":"https://atlasofsurveillance.org/search?technology=Genetec"}},{"id":"axon-fleet","category":"alpr-vendors","name":"Axon Fleet ALPR","what":"Plate reading built into patrol-car dashcams, so every equipped cruiser doubles as a mobile ALPR unit.","operator":"Axon; law-enforcement customers","identifies":"vehicle","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":true,"source":{"title":"Axon Fleet — In-Car Video & ALPR","url":"https://www.axon.com/products/fleet"}},{"id":"inductive-loop","category":"traffic-counters","name":"Inductive loop detectors","what":"Wire coils cut into the pavement that count and classify vehicles by the metal mass passing over them, without capturing any identity.","operator":"State and municipal DOTs","identifies":"counts-only","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":false,"source":{"title":"FHWA Traffic Monitoring Guide — Detector Technologies","url":"https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/tmguide/"}},{"id":"pneumatic-tube","category":"traffic-counters","name":"Pneumatic tube counters","what":"The rubber hoses laid across a road for a temporary traffic study, counting axle pulses; anonymous by design and not tied to a plate or identity.","operator":"State and municipal DOTs; traffic-engineering contractors","identifies":"counts-only","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":false,"source":{"title":"FHWA Traffic Monitoring Guide — Detector Technologies","url":"https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/tmguide/"}},{"id":"radar-counters","category":"traffic-counters","name":"Wavetronix and side-fire radar","what":"Pole-mounted radar sensors that count volume, speed, and vehicle class without ever imaging the vehicle itself.","operator":"State and municipal DOTs","identifies":"counts-only","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":false,"source":{"title":"Wavetronix — SmartSensor traffic detection","url":"https://wavetronix.com/en/products/smartsensor"}},{"id":"numina","category":"traffic-counters","name":"Numina","what":"Computer-vision curb sensors that count pedestrians, cyclists, and vehicles; the vendor states imagery is processed on-device and discarded rather than stored.","operator":"Private vendor; municipal customers","identifies":"counts-only","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":false,"source":{"title":"Numina — How it works","url":"https://www.numina.co/how-it-works"}},{"id":"photo-enforcement","category":"traffic-counters","name":"Red-light and speed cameras","what":"Photo enforcement that reads plates by design, generating an identified violation record and citation rather than an anonymous count.","operator":"Municipal governments; photo-enforcement vendors under contract","identifies":"vehicle","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":true,"source":{"title":"EFF Atlas of Surveillance: Red Light Cameras","url":"https://atlasofsurveillance.org/search?technology=Red+Light+Cameras"}},{"id":"toll-alpr","category":"traffic-counters","name":"Toll transponders and toll-by-plate","what":"E-ZPass, SunPass, and similar transponder reads plus toll-by-plate ALPR gantries produce timestamped, identified passage records that are reachable by subpoena.","operator":"State and regional toll authorities","identifies":"vehicle","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":false,"source":{"title":"E-ZPass Group — Interagency Group","url":"https://www.e-zpassiag.com/"}},{"id":"mobility-analytics","category":"data-aggregators","name":"INRIX, StreetLight Data, and Replica","what":"Traffic and travel-pattern analytics inferred from connected-car, fleet, and phone location data, sold as aggregate products to DOTs and planning agencies even though the underlying inputs are individually sourced.","operator":"INRIX / StreetLight Data / Replica (separate private vendors); DOT and planning-agency customers","identifies":"metadata","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":false,"source":{"title":"INRIX — Data & analytics for transportation","url":"https://inrix.com/"}},{"id":"automaker-telematics","category":"data-aggregators","name":"Automaker telematics","what":"Connected vehicles from GM, Toyota, and other manufacturers report location and driving-behavior data back to the automaker, which has in some cases shared or sold it onward.","operator":"Vehicle manufacturers; data brokers as downstream buyers in some reported cases","identifies":"vehicle","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":false,"source":{"title":"FTC — Connected cars and consumer privacy","url":"https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/connected-cars"}},{"id":"eff-atlas","category":"oversight","name":"EFF Atlas of Surveillance","what":"A researcher-maintained database of which agencies use which surveillance technology; the cross-check source behind this catalog's \"in Atlas\" flag.","operator":"Electronic Frontier Foundation","identifies":"counts-only","mapped_here":"no","in_atlas":false,"source":{"title":"Atlas of Surveillance","url":"https://atlasofsurveillance.org/"}},{"id":"deflock","category":"oversight","name":"DeFlock","what":"The crowdsourced OpenStreetMap-based ALPR location map this entire site's camera data is built on.","operator":"Volunteer contributors via OpenStreetMap","identifies":"counts-only","mapped_here":"yes","in_atlas":false,"source":{"title":"DeFlock","url":"https://deflock.org/"}}]}